They were pioneers, risk takers and dedicated physicians determined to contribute something to the world that was greater than themselves. 

During Hispanic Heritage month (Sept. 15 – Oct. 15), we celebrate the lives and legacies of four doctors whose research and discoveries changed our lives for the better.

Unlocking Better Nutrition

Thanks to the groundbreaking research of Severo Ochoa, M.D. (1905-1993), many of us add a vitamin B to our daily health routine. Dr. Ochoa actually discovered how B vitamins help our bodies convert food into energy. His findings revealed the way our bodies metabolize carbohydrates and fatty acids. 

Born in Spain, Ochoa became a U.S. citizen in 1956 and won a Nobel peace prize for his groundbreaking work shortly afterward. During his lifetime, he was awarded honorary degrees by prestigious universities all over the world.

Defending the Vulnerable

Long before social media warriors began championing health equity, Helen Rodríguez-Trías, M.D. (1929-2001), was a passionate advocate for women’s and patients’ rights. Her tireless work was vital to changing the unethical sterilization of poor and minority women. Procedures that often took place without their proper consent. 

Born in New York in 1929, Dr. Rodríguez-Trías studied medicine at the University of Puerto Rico where she graduated with honors. Her work led to many changes in neo-natal care, care for women in Puerto Rico and the U.S., as well as care for AIDS patients in the 1970s. She received the Presidential Citizens Medal from President Bill Clinton in 2001.

Putting the Bite on Mosquitoes

Experiments conducted by Juan Carlos Finlay, M.D. (1833-1915) found that biting insects transmit diseases. In fact, his work provided the definitive proof that Yellow Fever was spread from infected humans to healthy humans by mosquitoes. 

A graduate of Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Dr. Finlay took his results to Washington D.C. in 1881. Still, it wasn’t until his work with the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board that his discovery was finally accepted nine years later in 1900. Soon after, Yellow Fever was eradicated in Cuba and Panama.

Breaking Racial Barriers

Decades before the Civil Rights movement of the 1960, José Celso Barbosa, M.D. (1857-1921), was breaking racial and social barriers to promote equality. Dr. Barbosa helped pave the way for Afro-Latinos by showing the world what was possible during a time when certain opportunities were only enjoyed by a select few.

In 1880, Dr. Barbosa became the first person from Puerto Rico to receive a medical degree in the U.S. After graduating as valedictorian from the University of Michigan, he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine in the city of Bayamon. He was an early advocate of U.S. statehood for Puerto Rico when the island was still establishing itself after Spanish colonial rule. He also championed employer-backed health care long before it was popular.

Many other doctors, nurses, and medical professionals of all backgrounds and ethnicities have collectively made a profound impact in the field of medicine, and in turn, on the world. Their contributions help us enjoy longer, healthier lives.

Sources: Helen Rodriguez-Trias,  National Women's Health Network, 2022; Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias,  U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2015; Celebrating 10 Hispanic Pioneers in Medicine,  Association of American Medical Colleges, 2023; Severo Ochoa - Facts,  NobelPrize.org; 2023; Barbosa y Alcalá, José Celso (1857–1921),  Encyclopedia.com, 2019; U-M Alumni Records,  University of Michigan Bentley Historical Library, 2023; Yellow Fever,  Britannica, 2023

Originally published 9/15/2021; Revised 2023